RIP uses Split Horizon with Poison Reverse technique to reduce the chance of forming loops and use a maximum number of hops to counter the count-to-infinity problem. These measures avoid the formation of routing loops in some, but not all, cases. The addition of a hold time (refusing route updates for a few minutes after a route retraction) avoids loop formation in virtually all cases, but causes a significant increase in convergence times.
A number of loop-free distance vector protocols, such as EIGRP and DSDV, have been developed. These avoid loop formation in all cases, but suffer from increased complexity, and their deployment has been slowed down by the success of link-state protocols such as OSPF.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance-vector_routing_protocol
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